Discovering Natural Resources through Agriculture and Crop science

Crop Science and agriculture: Sustainability and Innovation

Crops provide human with important products, including food, feed, vegetables, cooking oil, fibres, woods, and medicines. As the global population increases, we face great challenges in providing more crop products to feed the world from decreasing arable land with insufficient water and frequent natural disasters. Crop science has gained increasing importance in meeting these challenges in a globally warming environment, and ensuring food security through scientific and technological advances has become the goal of all countries worldwide. Sustainable crop production and global food security depend on innovation in multiple fields of crop science and technology, including genetics, breeding, agronomy, crop physiology, germplasm resources, grain chemistry, grain storage and processing, crop management practices, crop biotechnology, and biomathematics.

Crop science is an important component of agricultural science and also the key to ensuring world food security, promoting sustainable utilization of agricultural resources, and effectively protecting agricultural environments. These articles describe advances in crop science and technology in the following representative fields: hybrid rice breeding, cropping system innovation, agronomic management.

Hybrid rice Breeding: 

Hybrid rice is produced by growing an innate rice assortment having sterile dust which is cross pollinated with typical dust from contiguous rice plants of an alternate inbred assortment. hybrid rice accordingly has two hereditarily extraordinary guardians. Similarly as with different sorts of half and halves, crossover rice commonly shows mixture force which is become under an indistinguishable conditions from equivalent high-yielding innate rice assortments it can deliver up to 30% more rice.

 

Cropping System Innovation:

Cropping system innovation is developing favorable cropping systems in agriculture, including intercropping and crop rotation, leading to a sustainable ecological system. As global warming becomes increasingly important, cropping systems are undergoing innovation through new variety development, cropping region adjustment, and cropping practice optimization.

Agronomic Management:

Agronomic management is the most important input for getting potential yield and high net returns in any crop or crop sequence. Rice-wheat is the most predominant cropping system of the northern plains of India. Most of the farmers used to grow old varieties of rice and wheat without any row arrangement. Fertilization is mainly limited to nitrogenous fertilizer only. Due to heavy depletion of plant nutrients, soils and the system show signs of fatigue, and there is a general decline in yield of rice and wheat and a decrease in partial factor productivity of the fertilizer applied.