Effect and benefits of Agroforestry on Agriculture and living beings

Agroforestry is the ecology management and is one of the three principal land-use sciences, the other two being agriculture and forestry. In other words Agroforestry is a system of land use where plants and crops are deliberately used on the same land management units as annual agricultural crops and or animals, synchronously, with the aim of obtaining greater outputs on sustained basis and agroforestry encompasses promotion of components like woody perennials, crops, livestock and other natural resources in temporal and spatial sequence which ultimately alters livelihood options and sustainability. Agroforestry is a traditional practices followed in some different parts of the world.
Rotational Agriculture is a traditional shifting cultivation in which trees and woody species of natural regeneration are rotated (5 to 40 years) with the cultivation of annuals (1-3 years). Improvements in rotational agroforestry or shifting cultivation can be made by substituting improved natural follows such as multispecies tree gardens. These improved follows may also serve as woodlots, home gardens and compound farms.

There are several advantages of agroforestry; these are Conserves soil by improving the soil structure and soil erosion. Conserves environment by fixing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, Provides fruit, fodder, timber and fuel wood, Increases nutrient status of the soil, Enhances the efficiency of nutrient cycling, Increases the organic matter content of the soil, Helps in maintaining the ground water table, Protects the crop from detrimental effects of wind, Helps in improved animal production through better quality fodder, Helps in development of cottage industries and, Brings deep seated nutrient on the soil surface.
Alley cropping is an agroforestry system in which planting rows of trees at wide spacing with a companion crop grown and food crops are grown in alleys formed by contour hedge rows of trees or shrubs. The hedge rows are preferably established from native trees or shrubs. These trees are periodically pruned to prevent shading of food crops. Shrubs and trees act as a windbreak, facilitate nutrient cycling, suppress weed growth, decrease run-off and reduce soil.


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